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      <a id="exp"></a>
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      <a id="IndexExp" class="indexterm"></a>
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        <h2>
          <span class="refentrytitle">exp</span>
        </h2>
        <p>exp — 
      Returns e raised to the x-th power.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp101523168"></a>
        <h2>Description</h2>
        <p>
       Returns e raised to the <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>th power.
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp101524816"></a>
        <h2>Syntax</h2>
        <pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>exp</strong></span>(x) (no rate restriction)</pre>
        <p>
      where the argument within the parentheses may be an expression. Value converters perform arithmetic translation from units of one kind to units of another. The result can then be a term in a further expression.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp101583936"></a>
        <h2>Examples</h2>
        <p>
      Here is an example of the exp opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/exp.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">exp.csd</em></a>.

      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp101585712"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 233. Example of the exp opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac     <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o exp.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsInstruments&gt;</span>

<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span>1

gisine    <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span>     0, 0, 2^10, 10, 1 <span class="comment">;table for a sine wave</span>

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">;master instrument</span>
koct      <span class="opc">linseg</span>    6, p3, 12 <span class="comment">; octave register straight rising from 6 to 12</span>
kexp      <span class="opc">linseg</span>    0, p3<span class="op">/</span>3, 5, p3<span class="op">/</span>3, 5, p3<span class="op">/</span>3, 0 <span class="comment">;exponent goes from 0 to 5 and back</span>
kdens     <span class="op">=</span>         <span class="opc">exp</span>(kexp) <span class="comment">;density is e to the power of kexp</span>
          <span class="opc">printks</span>   "Generated events per second<span class="op">:</span> <span class="op">%</span>d\n", 1, kdens
ktrig     <span class="opc">metro</span>     kdens <span class="comment">;trigger single notes in kdens frequency</span>
 <span class="octrl">if</span> ktrig <span class="op">==</span> 1 then
<span class="comment">;call instr 10 for 1/kdens duration, .5 amplitude and koct register</span>
          <span class="opc">event</span>     "i", 10, 0, 1<span class="op">/</span>kdens, .5, koct
 <span class="octrl">endif</span>
<span class="oblock">endin</span>

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 10 <span class="comment">;performs one tone</span>
ioct      <span class="opc">rnd31</span>     1, 0 <span class="comment">;random deviation maximum one octave plus/minus</span>
aenv      <span class="opc">transeg</span>   p4, p3, <span class="op">-</span>6, 0 <span class="comment">;fast decaying envelope for p4 amplitude</span>
asin      <span class="opc">poscil</span>    aenv, <span class="opc">cpsoct</span>(p5<span class="op">+</span>ioct), gisine <span class="comment">;sine for p5 octave register plus random deviation</span>
          <span class="opc">outs</span>      asin, asin
<span class="oblock">endin</span>

<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsInstruments&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 30
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><br class="example-break" />

      Its output should include lines like this:
      </p>
        <pre class="screen">
Generated events per second: 1
  rtevent:	   T  0.000 TT  0.000 M:  0.00000  0.00000
new alloc for instr 10:
  rtevent:	   T  0.811 TT  0.811 M:  0.48906  0.48906
new alloc for instr 10:
Generated events per second: 2
  rtevent:	   T  1.387 TT  1.387 M:  0.48611  0.48611
  rtevent:	   T  1.833 TT  1.833 M:  0.48421  0.48421
Generated events per second: 3
  rtevent:	   T  2.198 TT  2.198 M:  0.47536  0.47536
  rtevent:	   T  2.506 TT  2.506 M:  0.46530  0.46530
  rtevent:	   T  2.773 TT  2.773 M:  0.44986  0.44986
Generated events per second: 4
  rtevent:	   T  3.009 TT  3.009 M:  0.48096  0.48096
  .........</pre>
        <p>
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp101591616"></a>
        <h2>See Also</h2>
        <p>
      <a class="link" href="abs.html" title="abs"><em class="citetitle">abs</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="frac.html" title="frac"><em class="citetitle">frac</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="int.html" title="int"><em class="citetitle">int</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="log.html" title="log"><em class="citetitle">log</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="log10.html" title="log10"><em class="citetitle">log10</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="opi.html" title="i"><em class="citetitle">i</em></a>,
      <a class="link" href="sqrt.html" title="sqrt"><em class="citetitle">sqrt</em></a>
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp101599264"></a>
        <p>New in version 4.21</p>
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